Respiratory device tracking system

ABSTRACT

An inhaler tracker module is secured to an inhaler and has an activation sensor for sensing use of the inhaler. The tracker module includes a memory for storing inhaler use data, and a communications component for wirelessly transmitting the stored inhaler use data. The tracker module is wrapped around the inhaler body and includes a pressure switch located at the top of the canister to detect a user pressing the canister into the body for inhaler use. The tracking module has a standby mode in which it remains until inhaler use or until inhaler use data is stored and it is transmitted. A pairing function is provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/956,586, filed Apr. 18, 2018, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 14/518,529 filed Oct. 20, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,019,555, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 61/893,210 filed Oct. 19, 2013, and 62/055,801, filed Sep. 26, 2014, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention generally relates to the use of respiratory devices, such as inhalers and spirometers, and more particularly to a system and method of encouraging compliance with a usage plan and for monitoring and tracking that compliance.

Description of the Related Art

Inhalers are commonly used to provide oral or intra-nasal medication to patients. They can be used for relief on an as-needed basis, as well as for application of a prescribed course of treatment. The user segment of particular significance to the present invention is the large population for whom there is a prescribed course of treatment using an inhaler. The effectiveness of the treatment regimen is dependent on compliance with the treatment regimen, and this has traditionally been a problem area. There are approximately 26 million persons in the United States alone who suffer from chronic asthma, and whose poor adherence rate greatly contributes to an estimated $300 billion in preventable indirect and direct medical costs annually. On average, children and adults adhere to their prescription schedule with less than 50% success rate (i.e., they skip their medication more than 50% of the time). One easily quantifiable direct cost of poor adherence is the $18 billion spent on Emergency Room (ER) visits where poor inhaler medication adherence is cited as the number one cause for ER visits.

A higher degree of compliance would improve results in many cases, and in those cases where the treatment is ineffective the physician and patient can move on to a different solution rather than continuing with a course of treatment thinking that it would be effective if followed.

The medical field has long recognized the problem of a patient visiting a physician and having very imprecise recollection of how often the inhaler has been used. Solutions proposed include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,958,691 to Anderson, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 6,202,642 to McKinnon, U.S. Pat. No. 5,363,842 to Mishelevich, Published U.S. Patent Application No. 2011/0253139 of Guthrie, et al, Published U.S. Patent Application No. 2009/0194104 of Van Sickle, and published international application WO 2014/004437 of Engelhard, et al. These prior solutions monitor usage and track adherence, but are often bulky, or require customized inhalers (i.e., cannot be easily fitted to and operated with any inhaler already in use). Some also require special purpose hardware to collect data and forward it to the physician. And all are inadequate as to providing encouragement and incentives for adherence.

An additional problem, exacerbated by failure to use an inhaler as prescribed, but a separate problem nonetheless, is the difficulty in obtaining sufficient data regarding changes in lung function, and in making timely adjustments of a prescribed treatment regimen in accordance with updated lung function.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

There is a need, then for a system and method that (a) can be used with the majority of inhaler devices already in use and is likely compatible with those developed in the future, (b) is simple in both design and operation, thereby encouraging more widespread use, and (c) provides positive encouragement/motivation for compliance.

There is a further need for a system whereby real-time lung function data can be obtained, correlated with actual inhaler usage, and the patient treatment regiment reassessed and the patient advised of the updated treatment regimen without having to visit a physician.

There is a still further need for a system that can make use of respiratory data in real time and use predictive modeling, on a specific patient's data and optionally data across a larger patient population, to alert the patient of potential adverse events in advance.

There is a still further need for a system that can make use of respiratory data of a larger number of people to conduct population-level analysis. For example identifying sub-populations that respond similarly to medications.

According to the present invention, a compact tracking module made of a flexible material (e.g., silicone) can be wrapped around a conventional inhaler or otherwise easily secured to an inhaler. The tracking module includes a sensor for sensing operation of the inhaler, internal memory for storing a record (e.g., a time/date stamp) of that dose, and a wireless communication component for forwarding the stored data, eventually to a remote server from which the data can be accessed by a physician. In one embodiment, this module fits over standard L-shaped medication inhalers of different sizes and some other shapes, e.g., cylindrical. In another embodiment, this module fits over disk shaped medication inhalers.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention further includes an application that not only monitors/tracks the inhaler usage but also interacts with the patient to encourage compliance. The application can send messages to the patient or otherwise display incentives in the form of messages, rewards, status levels, points, etc., all of these possibly in the context of a game and/or real world incentives such as gifts or points which can be redeemed for medication discounts, consumer goods, etc. In a still further embodiment, the invention collects additional data for analysis, and enables predictive modeling for possible alerts to the patient and/or physician. By way of example, the tracking module can be alternately secured to either a controller inhaler or a rescue inhaler of an individual, and the system can also collect lung function data (e.g., from a spirometer), and can use data analytics and predictive modeling to collect and analyze trends across patient populations, and generate alerts or other messages to the patient, physician, caregiver, family member, insurance carrier, or other third party. In a still further embodiment, the invention encourages compliance to spirometer use.

The interactive tracking application can be run on a server with the patient device(s) simply forwarding the data to the server and interacting directly with the server, but it may be preferred that the tracking module is paired with a local device, e.g., a smartphone or other portable electronic device to transmit the data to the local device using low power short range communication. The interactive tracking application is run on the smartphone to provide some analysis of the data and feedback to the user, but also other functions related to inhaler use, e.g., tracking and reminding of doctor's appointments, tracking and informing of the number of doses remaining in the inhaler and facilitating refill, making of emergency phone calls, storing treatment plan, displaying educational information and awarding of prizes as incentives for compliance.

The tracking module will exhibit very low power consumption due to the combined effects of low energy communications (e.g., Bluetooth or Near Field Communication) and an operational design as a largely passive device that spends the majority of its time in an off/standby mode to conserve battery life. The device is ordinarily in an off/standby mode, and automatically awakens to store a date/time stamp when inhaler is used. The device will thereafter attempt to connect and transfer the data, but if unsuccessful will continue trying at regular intervals (e.g., once an hour) until successful.

A further advantage is that, with the tracking module having its own internal memory, the inhaler and smartphone need not be in proximity when dose is taken.

A “Sync” button permits pairing and data-transmission without taking dose, so optionally the periodic retry for data transmission can be dispensed with until manual syncing at an appropriate later time. The internal memory is preferably large enough to hold a number of dose records, making occasional syncing possible without losing data.

According to the present invention, one respiratory device that can be used in the system is a spirometer, which is used to assess lung function. By tracking these lung function measurements over time, trends can be identified. Response to different inhaler treatment regimens could be seen, deterioration of lung function suggesting imminent respiratory event could be spotted, and predictive modeling could be used with all available data to predict potential future events/issues more reliably and provide appropriate messages to the patient and/or healthcare support to prevent such events.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an adherence tracking system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one example of a tracking module according to the present invention;

FIGS. 3A-3C are perspective views of the tracking module of FIG. 2 , for showing the process of removing and replacing the medication canister;

FIGS. 4A-4C show the tracking module of FIG. 2 mounted to the inhaler (FIG. 4A) and showing front (FIG. 4B) and rear (FIG. 4C) views of the tracking module before mounting to the inhaler;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a tracking module according to a second embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 6A-6C show the tracking module of FIG. 5 mounted to an inhaler (FIG. 6A), end (FIG. 6B) and perspective (FIG. 6C) views of the tracking module separate from the inhaler;

FIGS. 7-9 show screens presented to the user by the adherence monitoring application during welcome and setup; and

FIGS. 10-14 illustrate screens presented to the user by the adherence monitoring application during subsequent operation of the adherence monitoring system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The system of the invention is very broadly illustrated in FIG. 1 . A tracking module 10 monitors operation of an inhaler 20 and reports to a local station 30 with processing and communication capabilities. In the description which follows, the station 30 will be assumed to be a smartphone, although this is by way of example only. The station 30 may alternatively be a tablet, personal computer, or some other device carried by the user. In a less preferred but viable implementation the station 30 may be a desktop computer or other fixed processing system. The local station 30 processes the received signals for transmission via a wired or wireless network 40 to a server 50. The local station 30 may additionally process the data and provide analysis results or reports to the user, but in the preferred embodiment of the invention it is contemplated that the primary data processing location is at the server 50. Analysis results can then be accessed by a healthcare professional (e.g., a physician, nurse, or healthcare researcher) or other third party from a remote terminal 60. The healthcare professional can make use not only of a specific patient's data but also respiratory data of a larger number of people to conduct population-level analysis. This may allow identification of sub-populations that respond similarly to medications, e.g., identifying trends not known before, such as children aged 10-15 responding much better to medicine A than medicine B.

According to an embodiment of the invention, a monitoring server, most likely the server 50, forwards specific medical information to the Electronic Medical Records system of the physician, including lung function and medication adherence, and can also receive patient information from the EMR, for inclusion in its analysis and/or communicating to the patient. As one example, the server can access the EMR to obtain the patient's prescription information and use that in sending reminders to the patient and in assessing patient compliance.

The system of the invention can also optionally accept usage data from both controller and rescue inhalers as well as lung function data from a spirometer, as schematically shown in FIG. 1 . Each of the three respiratory devices can incorporate its own sensing, data storage and/or communications interface as needed to supply data to the local station, although in a preferred embodiment the inhalers each use a tracking module 10. The data from each of the three can be gathered and forwarded to the local station 30 by its own respective module, or all data collected in a shared tracking module 10, or a combination of shared and dedicated modules.

It is also possible within the scope of the present invention for the system to be designed and operated to monitor only lung function data via a spirometer, and to interact with the patient to encourage proper and timely use of the spirometer to provide needed data and to facilitate anticipation of potential adverse respiratory events.

An example of a tracking module 10 according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 2-4 , with the tracking module in this example comprising a shell 12, made of silicone or other flexible material, which can wrap around a standard inhaler 20 and interlock its ends with one another to be held in place. Alternatively or in addition, it may be secured to the inhaler by means of a snap, magnet, moldable metal wire, Velcro, etc. Alternatively it may be secured over a device without any attachment device, using elasticity to make it cling to the inhaler. The shell 12 is shown as having a cap 13 attached to the shell by a flexible cable 14. As shown in FIG. 2 , the cap 13 can attach to the end of a medicament canister 15 after the canister is inserted into the body of inhaler 20. FIGS. 3A-3C illustrate the process of removing the cap 13 and removing and replacing the canister 15.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tracking module includes:

-   -   a Bluetooth low energy device, e.g., a Ti CC2541 Bluetooth 4.0         LE IC;     -   a short-term memory device, e.g., the TI CC2541 IC's internal         RAM for holding 30 records of 20 bytes each, requiring a total         of 600 bytes;     -   a pressure activated sensor 16 (in the form of a mechanical         switch, an electro-mechanical switch, a piezo-electric switch,         or some other pressure-sensitive activator or pressure sensitive         switch) that is activated when the user depresses the inhaler to         take a dose of medication;     -   a battery, e.g., a CR2032 220 mAH button cell battery (not         shown), located under a battery cover 18;     -   a PCB Board with a Bluetooth 4.0 LE Module and with two         accessing buttons (one for Press-Count, another for Sync);     -   an external “sync” button 17; and     -   firmware, e.g., based on Bluetooth 4.0 LE communication         protocol, enabling Press-Count & Sync button functionalities         discussed below.

In operation, each tracking module has a unique identification number and is “paired”/“synced”/“married” to a unique user smartphone such that each tracking module has a direct feedback loop with a single user smartphone (hereafter referred to as “pairing”). The pairing is performed once, either automatically or using the “sync” button 17 (also referred to as an “on/off & pairing switch”) on the exterior of the tracking module, e.g., the user may open the app on the smartphone, tell the phone to find a device, and the app will find the device if the user presses either the sync button or puffs when the app is looking to sync with a device. The same tracker can be re-paired with different smartphones.

The tracking module records a date-stamp each time the pressure activated sensor 16 is depressed (the “DateStamp.”) The switch 16 could be provided anywhere on or connected to the tracking module, and not tied to actual medication dispensing, for the user to press after taking a dose of medication. In a preferred embodiment, the switch 16 mounts to the top of the medication canister so that the switch is activated each time that the canister is depressed. Alternatively, the operation of the inhaler to deliver a dose could be detected when the user activates any other mechanical mechanism for dispensing medication. The DateStamp is a record of the date and time of activation, preferably associated with a unique “Puff ID.” Since the dosage per activation is fixed and known, no data need be recorded except the number of activations and the times at which they occurred. The DateStamp is stored in the internal memory of the tracking module. When a DateStamp is recorded, the tracking module immediately searches for the paired device. If the paired device is found, the tracking module transmits the DateStamp, the smartphone confirms receipt, and the tracking module returns to “inactive” or “sleep” mode. If proximity is not immediately found, the tracking module regularly seeks the paired smartphone, e.g., every 7-10 minutes, or for a thirty second window once per hour, or some other suitable interval. Once proximity is found, the tracking module transmits all stored DateStamp(s) and returns to “inactive” or “sleep” mode.

An alternative tracking module configuration is shown in FIGS. 5, 6A, 6B, and 6C, designed for use with a Diskus® inhaler 20′. In this case, the tracking module comprises a saddle-shaped shell 12′ designed to fasten onto the Diskus over the exterior portion of the inhaler body that rotates. This alternative tracking module configuration will include the same electronic internal components, and will respond to its pressure sensitive switch 16′ and sync button 17′ (also known as the on/off & pairing switch) in the same manner as the HFA model of tracking module shown in FIGS. 2-4 . In this embodiment, switch 16′ is not mechanically tied to inhaler activation, but is a standalone button that can be activated by the user after each dose to indicate that a dose has been delivered. Of course, it would also be possible to have an activation-sensing switch in addition to or in place of the standalone switch.

There are a number of features and advantages that flow from the tracking module having the design and operating characteristics as described above. It will exhibit very low power consumption due to the combined effects of low energy Bluetooth communications and an operational design as a largely passive device that spends the majority of its time in an off/standby mode to conserve battery life. For example, the device is ordinarily in an off/standby mode, and when the button 16 is depressed, the tracking module wakes up from standby mode, and attempts to connect with a mobile device for brief period of time. If it succeeds, the stored data is immediately transferred and the module returns to its off/standby mode. If it is unsuccessful in immediately connecting to a paired mobile device, the tracking module places itself in an off/standby mode and wakes itself at intervals (e.g., once per hour) and for durations (thirty seconds) that will not result in significant power consumption.

A further advantage is that, with the tracking module having its own internal memory, the inhaler and smartphone need not be in proximity when a dose is taken.

In addition, the tracking module shell made of silicone and wrapping around the inhaler instead of mounting on top of the inhaler leads to an elastic and flexible package. Not only is this easier to use, but this structure also allows the module to fit on different size HFA inhalers as well as other shapes, including disk shaped inhalers, e.g., Advair Diskus.

Still further, conventional inhaler practice has been to use one inhaler for “controller” medication, inhaled daily no matter how a patient feels, to provide sustained patient improvement and prevent attacks and hospitalization, and a different inhaler for “rescue” medication, inhaled only when the patient is having difficulty breathing or an asthma attack. The tracking module according to the invention can be used for both controller and rescue medication inhalers.

The “Sync” button permits pairing and data-transmission without taking a dose, and the tactile feedback on pressing the switch informs the user that the switch has in fact been pushed, decreasing repeated and unnecessary activations.

Additional features that could be included as desired. By way of example:

A vibrate function or audible function could be added to the tracking module (or to the smartphone application) whereby the tracking module and/or smartphone would vibrate or sound an alarm at regular intervals if a dose is not taken.

A locate feature could be added to the tracker module whereby the user could cause the tracking module to make a sound in order for the user to locate the device (e.g., if the device is misplaced in a cabinet or fallen under a couch, etc.)

Light functions could be added to the tracking module, e.g., a low battery light, order refill indicator (i.e., when a few doses are left), or to indicate that it is time to take a dose.

A dose counter display could be added to the tracking module to display to the user the number of doses remaining.

Mechanisms based on other than pressure sensing could be used to detect activation of inhaler, e.g., by sensing movement of the canister or of drug exiting the inhaler.

Additional or alternative forms of wireless communication could be made available for communication between the tracking module and local station 30, e.g., Wifi, Mobile cell phone network; or other wireless communications; indeed it would be possible to do away entirely with the smartphone, having the tracking module able to communicate wirelessly with the network 40.

The tracking module could be provided with a flow measurement function so that the tracking system could track not only the number of doses administered but the amount of the medication inhaled, and could also or alternatively connect wirelessly to a wireless spirometer, so that the tracking system could monitor lung function to measure how medication use impacts a patient's ability to breathe.

The local station 30 could be an in-home beacon. Such a beacon could be a WiFi enabled hardware device that plugs into a standard wall outlet and is in a permanent and constant receive mode state. The beacon could then sync to the tracking module either in response to user pressing the sync button, or the pairing could happen in response to detected activation of the inhaler.

The beacon could relay data from tracking module, via WiFi and the internet to a cloud-based tracking program application.

In addition to the tracking module, the system of the present invention includes a local station 30 which, in the preferred embodiment, is a smartphone running an application via which the smartphone will interface with the tracking module, and transmit data as appropriate to the server 50. More than simply storing and forwarding usage data, the application interacts with the user to facilitate usage tracking, and to encourage compliance. The smartphone thus forms a communications component for presenting to the patient incentives for compliance with a desired usage plan. The incentives can be communicated in the form of an app display presenting points earned, rewards earned or for which earned points can be redeemed, an adherence game score or status level, etc. Alternatively or in addition, the incentives can be presented to the patient in the form of text messages or other communications.

Another aspect of the invention is that it can adapt user messaging to user behavior, delivering more or fewer messages, dependent upon the consistency of user behavior, and dependent upon user preferences. The user can set his notification preferences, and notifications will turn off if he takes his medication (i.e., good user behavior vs. bad user behavior). Thus, rather than a one user fits all system, it can adapt to each user, his preference and his performance. An illustrative example would be, for a system recognizing a three hour time window during which the next scheduled inhaler use is to occur, the system may have messages that are triggered at different times, e.g., a reminder one hour in advance of the next scheduled time for inhaler use, at the time scheduled for inhaler use, once per hour during the three-hour window, and a “dose missed” message after that. It may send reminders at all of these events for a patient with a bad compliance record, and to the patient with a good compliance record may only send one reminder shortly before the end of the three-hour window. It is also possible to have the content of the messages differ for persons with good compliance vs. persons with bad compliance. The patient may, in a Settings menu, elect between more frequent and less frequent reminders, and the system can then take into account both the user preference and the compliance history in determining the frequency of the reminders, i.e., how many and which reminders are to be sent.

FIGS. 7-14 illustrate screens which may be presented to the user during operation of the system. In a preferred embodiment, the application employs an avatar “Hero” interface that communicates through automated (but intelligent) messaging responsive to particular user adherence and response rates. The application uses the smartphone clock to calculate most auto-messaging, or the messages can be generated at the cloud server and sent to the smartphone via text or push notification. The functions contained in each screen are described below.

FIGS. 7-9 are examples of screens presented during initial setup of the application.

FIG. 10 shows an example of a home screen when the application is thereafter loaded, with notations of missed, taken and scheduled puffs, and a statement of the overall compliance record and achievement of incentives. The home screen of FIG. 10 , like most screens, displays the avatar “Hero”, and messaging from the avatar based on criteria and formulas coded into the application and server. The Hero avatar has a status level (depending upon HeroPoints achieved), and customized features (e.g., hat, shape, color) depending on user preference (and possibly hero level, e.g., if some features are only unlocked at a certain HeroLevel) set in the setup process reflected in FIGS. 7-9 ; and displays HeroPoints and/or other awards, e.g., gold coins or other virtual currency that can be used to purchased rewards in the Reward Zone.

The bottom of the home screen has links to Settings, RewardZone, Emergency Call, and AdheroMeter.

Pressing the Emergency Call icon can initiate an emergency communication, which can be a telephone call, SMS or other text message, email, etc., to a physician or other healthcare professional, a caregiver or other emergency contact person.

The top left of the home screen presents an icon for a Doctor's Appointment Page. The home screen also displays (in the upper right corner) an inhaler icon, which provides information on how many doses are left in current inhaler cartridge. A “!” (not shown) near a faded inhaler icon can indicate that no tracking module is paired with the application. A triple “)))” near the inhaler icon can indicate that a tracking module is synced. Clicking the inhaler icon can lead to an order refill page.

The home screen also displays the last time medication was taken, as well as the time left to take medication within dosage instructions provided by prescription (as entered by the user or physician). For example, “twice a day” controller medications are separated into two “Puff Time Intervals,” (a) 1 am-1 pm and (b) 1:01 pm-1 am. During the afternoon, the Home screen will display the time remaining until 1 am.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a graphical presentation of the weekly compliance report available to the user on pressing the report (AdheroMeter) icon 31. This screen displays the Hero avatar, along with appropriate messaging from the avatar based on formulas coded into the application. The Hero avatar has status level depending upon HeroPoints achieved (which are also displayed), and customized features depending on user preference (hat, cape, color). This screen also contains lines to all other screens, e.g., the bottom of the screen has links to Settings, RewardZone, Emergency Call and Home screens, with the center of the screen presenting a an icon to a Create AdHero Report page, and the upper right of the screen displaying an inhaler icon, which provides information on how many doses are left in current inhaler cartridge. As before, a “!” near a faded inhaler icon can indicate that no tracking module is paired with the application, whereas a triple “)))” near the inhaler icon can indicate that a tracking module is synced, and clicking on the inhaler icon leads to an Order-Refill page.

The screen displays a graphical representation of adherence rate (as a percentage) on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis, and also informs the user of rewards (HeroPoints) earned for past) per an award schedule disclosed in the settings process. Finally, at the upper left of the screen is a “Back” arrow for returning to the previous screen.

FIG. 12 shows an example of doctor's appointment reminder that can be brought up by selecting the Dr. Appointment icon 32 at the upper left of the screen in FIG. 10 . This screen displays the Hero avatar, along with appropriate messaging from the avatar. The Hero avatar has status level depending upon HeroPoints achieved (which are also displayed), and customized features depending on user preference (hat, cape, color). This screen also contains lines to all other Hero screens, e.g., the bottom of the screen has links to Settings, RewardZone, Emergency Call, Home and AdheroMeter screens, with the center of the screen presenting an icon to send a report to the doctor. This may trigger the server 50 to send a 1-page Hero report to a doctor's email address if such has been entered by the user in “settings,” or manually entered on this screen, and/or to a doctor's electronic medical record system, when synced with the server or phone.

The upper right of the screen displays an inhaler icon, which provides information on how many doses are left in current inhaler cartridge. Optionally, this icon is a link so that touching this icon takes the user to another screen having prescription information including an icon which can be selected to electronically send a prescription refill request to a pharmacy. This could be implemented, e.g., by having the smartphone send a prescription request to the server 50 and for the server to then send a prescription refill request (an “e-prescription”) to the pharmacy by facsimile or other electronic transmission. Add automaticAs before, a “!” near a faded inhaler icon can indicate that no tracking module is paired with the application, whereas a triple “)))” near the inhaler icon can indicate that a tracking module is synced, and clicking on the inhaler icon leads to an Order-Refill page. This screen also displays the last appointment date (if known), as well as the next appointment date (and provides the ability to set that date).

FIG. 13 shows an example of a reward zone screen that can be displayed to the user by pressing the reward zone icon 33. This screen displays the Hero avatar, along with appropriate messaging from the avatar. As in other screens, the Hero avatar has status level depending upon HeroPoints achieved (which are also displayed), and customized features depending on user preference (hat, cape, color). This screen also contains lines to all other Hero screens, e.g., the bottom of the screen has links to Settings, RewardZone, Emergency Call, AdheroMeter and Home screens, with the center of the screen presenting icons for redeeming earned points. Certain rewards can be reserved exclusively for Level 2 and Level 3 users. Each reward shows the cost in virtual currency (gold coins) or points or other way. Rewards that the user has sufficient virtual currency to purchase are displayed in a manner distinct from unavailable rewards to signify the user can purchase them. A user selects which reward they would like to purchase, virtual currency is deducted and an order is processed to send the reward to the patient.

The upper right of the screen displays an inhaler icon, which provides information on how many doses are left in current inhaler cartridge. As before, a “!” near a faded inhaler icon can indicate that no tracking module is paired with the application, whereas a triple “)))” near the inhaler icon can indicate that a tracking module is synced, and clicking on the inhaler icon leads to an Order-Refill page. This screen also displays a “Back” arrow in its upper left, for returning to the previous screen.

FIG. 14 shows an example of a Hero Setup screen reached by, e.g., touching the Hero icon and then selecting “Customize.” This screen displays the Hero avatar, along with appropriate messaging from the avatar. The Hero avatar has status level depending upon HeroPoints achieved (which are also displayed), and customized features depending on user preference (hat, cape, color). This screen also contains lines to all other Hero screens, e.g., the bottom of the screen has links to Settings, RewardZone, Emergency Call, Home and AdheroMeter screens, with the center of the screen presenting a more detailed report of the Hero level status and goal, and also including a Customize icon which will bring up the screen shown in FIG. 9 .

The upper right of the screen displays an inhaler icon, which provides information on how many doses are left in current inhaler cartridge. As before, a “!” near a faded inhaler icon can indicate that no tracking module is paired with the application, whereas a triple “)))” near the inhaler icon can indicate that a tracking module is synced, and clicking on the inhaler icon leads to an Order-Refill page.

The above screens can be modified or additional screens added to show an alert to the patient of a potential adverse event or other complication, an alert regarding a change in the treatment regimen, an alert to the patient to contact the physician, etc.

While the invention has thus far been described primarily in the context of an inhaler, it can be used to alternatively or additionally track spirometer usage, as briefly indicated above with regard to FIG. 1 . A spirometer is used to assess lung function, with the user blowing into the spirometer which then measures the strength and volume of an exhalation and/or inhalation. These measurements are transmitted to a local station 30 and/or to remote server 50. It is also possible for a tracking module 10 to be paired with a spirometer so that the tracking module could store respiratory data reflecting spirometer measurements. This could be done with a tracking module dedicated to the spirometer, or separate tracking modules for spirometer and inhaler, or the spirometer could have the elements of a tracking module (e.g., activation sensor, internal memory, wireless communication component) incorporated within the spirometer. The interactive user interface presented by the local station could have a separate interface dedicated to spirometer usage, or if inhaler usage data is collected in addition to spirometer measurements, a single interface could address both inhaler and spirometer usage.

In either case, the local station (e.g., smartphone) could display animations similar to those described above in the context of inhaler usage, and/or other images that correlate to the users inspiration or expiration. For example, an image of a birthday cake with candles where the candles flicker and are extinguished as a user blows into the spirometer.

By tracking these lung function measurements over time, trends can be identified. Response to different inhaler treatment regimens could be seen, deterioration of lung function suggesting imminent respiratory event could be spotted, and predictive modeling could be used with all available data to predict potential future events/issues more reliably and provide appropriate messages to the patient and/or healthcare support to prevent such events. By way of example, the system could generate communications relating to a potential exacerbation, potential complication, potential acute event, effectiveness of current usage plan and/or potential change to the usage plan. The patient could, e.g., in a Settings menu, designate different persons to receive communications, e.g., a caregiver designated to receive communications regarding compliance level, potential acute events, etc., and a physician or medical practice receiving communications relating to potential acute events and also communications relating to the effectiveness of a current usage plan or potential change to that plan. For example, a communication to the healthcare professional relating to the current or potential usage plan could be data on usage and lung function, or could also include analysis of that data. A further option would be designating an insurance provider to receive communications regarding a prescription refill.

The smartphone app could also instruct the user on proper use of the spirometer, and could provide incentives for proper usage if desired. The spirometer could also have it's own internal memory, so it could be used while not in proximity to a local station or to a tracking module, and data could be synced at a later time either to a tracking module or directly to a local station. 

We claim:
 1. A tracking module, for tracking the use of an inhaler in providing a patient with respiratory treatment, the inhaler having a body with a top at which is formed an opening into which is positioned a canister of respiratory medication, and having a bottom at which is formed a mouthpiece, the body and canister having complementary interactive configurations such that mechanically pressing a top of the canister to move the canister into the body causes the canister to deliver a treatment dose of the respiratory medication through the mouthpiece to be administered to the patient, the tracking module comprising: a flexible shell mounted around and in contact with the body of the inhaler, the flexible shell having embedded therein a tracking module memory, a tracking module battery, and a tracking module communications component, the flexible shell also comprising an inhaler use sensor that is pressure-activated and is located in a cap outside the flexible shell, the cap being connected to the shell with a flexible cable within which is located an electrical conductor connected with the inhaler use sensor, the cap being located in contact with the top of the canister such that a user must press the inhaler use sensor when depressing the inhaler canister for usage of the inhaler, which activates the inhaler use sensor, wherein the conductor of the flexible cable conducts inhaler use sensor activations to the tracking module memory for storing such activations as inhaler use data along with a respective date stamp for that inhaler use data, and the communications component is configured to wirelessly transmit the stored inhaler use data in the internal memory including the respective date stamp.
 2. The tracking module of claim 1 wherein the flexible shell comprises two ends, each of which has a shape configured for interlocking with the shape of the other end to secure the flexible shell to the body of the inhaler.
 3. The tracking module of claim 1 wherein the flexible shell comprises an attachment device that comprises at least one of a snap, a magnet, and a hook-and-loop type fastener such as a Velcro® fastener, configured for securing the flexible shell to the body of the inhaler.
 4. The tracking module of claim 1 wherein the flexible shell comprises an attachment device that comprises a moldable metal wire embedded into the flexible shell, the moldable metal wire being shaped to grip the inhaler body.
 5. The tracking module of claim 1 wherein the tracking module communications component is configured to awaken from a standby mode, search for proximity to a local station, and transmit inhaler use data stored in the tracking module memory to a local station when a local station is found; and wherein the tracking module communications component is further configured to return to a standby mode after transmission of stored inhaler use data.
 6. The tracking module of claim 5 wherein the tracking module communications component is also configured in the event that the search for a local station is unsuccessful, to automatically continue trying at intervals to connect with a local station until successful; whereby the local station need not be in proximity when the inhaler body around which the flexible shell is secured is used.
 7. The tracking module of claim 1 wherein the tracking module communications component is also configured for pairing the tracking module to a local station and storing an identity of the paired local station in the tracking module memory.
 8. The tracking module of claim 1 wherein the tracking module communications component is also configured for pairing the tracking module to a local station and storing an identity of the paired local station in the tracking module memory.
 9. The tracking module of claim 1 further comprising a sync button located on the flexible shell, wherein the tracking module communications component is configured to receive a sync signal from the sync button when the sync button is pressed to pair the tracking module to a local station.
 10. The tracking module of claim 9 wherein the tracking module communications component is further configured to manually retry transmitting stored inhaler use data to a local station upon receiving a sync signal from the sync button.
 11. The tracking module of claim 1 wherein the tracking module communications component is further configured to automatically search for a paired local station when a date stamp is recorded.
 12. The tracking module of claim 1 wherein the flexible shell further comprises an embedded controller and a numerical display and wherein the embedded controller is configured to monitor the number of uses of the inhaler and based on the number of uses, indicate the number of doses remaining in a numerical display.
 13. A tracking module for tracking the use of an inhaler in providing a patient with respiratory treatment, the inhaler having a body with a top at which is formed an opening into which is positioned a canister of respiratory medication, and having a bottom at which is formed a mouthpiece, the body and canister having complementary interactive configurations such that mechanically pressing a top of the canister to move the canister into the body causes the canister to deliver a treatment dose of the respiratory medication through the mouthpiece to be administered to the patient, the tracking module comprising: a flexible shell mounted around and in contact with the body of the inhaler, the flexible shell having embedded therein a tracking module memory, a tracking module battery, and a tracking module communications component, the flexible shell also comprising an inhaler use sensor that is pressure-activated and is located in a cap outside the flexible shell, the cap being connected to the shell with a flexible cable within which is located an electrical conductor connected with the inhaler use sensor, the cap being located in contact with the top of the canister such that a user must press the inhaler use sensor when depressing the inhaler canister for usage of the inhaler which activates the inhaler use sensor, wherein the conductor of the flexible cable conducts inhaler use sensor activations to the tracking module memory for storing such activations as inhaler use data along with a respective date stamp for that inhaler use data, and wherein the tracking module communications component is configured to wirelessly transmit the stored inhaler use data stored in the tracking module memory including the respective date stamp; and wherein the tracking module communications component is configured to awaken from a standby mode, search for proximity to a local station, and transmit stored inhaler use data to a local station when a local station is found, and to return to a standby mode after transmission of stored inhaler use data.
 14. A tracking module for tracking the use of an inhaler in providing a patient with respiratory treatment, the inhaler having a body with a top at which is formed an opening into which is positioned a canister of respiratory medication, and having a bottom at which is formed a mouthpiece, the body and canister having complementary interactive configurations such that mechanically pressing a top of the canister to move the canister into the body causes the canister to deliver a treatment dose of the respiratory medication through the mouthpiece to be administered to the patient, the tracking module comprising: a flexible shell mounted around and in contact with the body of the inhaler, the flexible shell having embedded therein a tracking module memory, a tracking module battery, and a tracking module communications component, the flexible shell also comprising an inhaler use sensor that is pressure-activated and is located in a cap outside the flexible shell, the cap being connected to the shell with a flexible cable within which is located an electrical conductor connected with the inhaler use sensor, the cap being located in contact with the top of the canister such that a user must press the inhaler use sensor when depressing the inhaler canister for usage of the inhaler which activates the inhaler use sensor, wherein the conductor of the flexible cable conducts inhaler use sensor activations to the tracking module memory for storing such activations as inhaler use data along with respective date stamps; wherein the flexible shell wraps around the body of the inhaler and comprises an attachment device that interlocks one part of the flexible shell to another part of the flexible shell to close the flexible shell securely on the body of the inhaler; wherein the tracking module communications component is configured to pair the tracking module to a local station and to store an identity of the paired local station in the tracking module memory, and further configured to wirelessly transmit stored inhaler use data in the tracking module memory including the respective date stamp; and wherein the tracking module communications component is also configured to awaken from a standby mode, search for proximity to a local station, and transmit inhaler use data stored in the tracking module memory to a local station when a local station is found, and to return to a standby mode after transmission of stored inhaler use data.
 15. The tracking module of claim 14 further comprising a sync button located on the flexible shell, wherein the tracking module communications component is configured to receive a sync signal from the sync button when the sync button is pressed to pair the tracking module to a local station.
 16. The tracking module of claim 15 wherein the tracking module communications component is further configured to manually retry transmitting stored inhaler use data to a local station upon receiving a sync signal from the sync button.
 17. The tracking module of claim 14 wherein the tracking module communications component is further configured to automatically search for a paired local station when a date stamp is recorded.
 18. The tracking module of claim 14 wherein the attachment device of the flexible shell comprises a plurality of ends, two of which have a shape configured for interlocking with each other to secure the flexible shell to the body of the inhaler.
 19. The tracking module of claim 14 wherein the attachment device comprises at least one of a snap, a magnet, and a hook-and-loop type fastener such as a Velcro® fastener, configured for securing the flexible shell to the body of the inhaler.
 20. The tracking module of claim 14 wherein the attachment device comprises a moldable metal wire embedded into the flexible shell, the moldable metal wire being shaped to grip the inhaler body.
 21. The tracking module of claim 14 wherein the flexible shell is formed of an elastic material having a size selected such that the flexible shell is secured around the inhaler body by its elasticity making it cling to the inhaler body. 